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If you missed your Initial Enrollment Period, or you are leaving a job or COBRA after 65, you may be wondering whether you owe a penalty. This guide works as a Medicare Part B late enrollment penalty calculator: it explains the 10% rule, walks through Medicare.gov's own 2026 example, and covers the traps that create the penalty. Quick answer: how the Part B late penalty works The penalty adds 10% of the standard Part B premium for each full 12-month period when you could have had Part B but did not sign up. The 2026 standard Part B premium is $202.90 a month . The penalty is not a one-time fee. It is added to your monthly premium every month. In most cases you pay it for as long as you have Part B, which for most people means for life. Because the penalty is a percentage of the standard premium, the dollar amount rises each year when the standard premium rises. Only full 12-month periods count Months without Part B (when you could have had it) Penalty 11 months or fewer ...